Ảnh hưởng của smartphone đến con người

Sự ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ của smartphone trong đời sống con người tạo ra khái niệm "nomophobia", chứng lo sợ khi không có điện thoại. Nghe và điền từ vào chỗ trống. 

Phần 1

Of the 7 billion people on Earth, roughly 6 billion own a …(1)…, which is pretty …(2)…, given that only 4.5 billion have access to a working …(3)… So how are these popular gadgets changing your body and brain?

If you're looking down at your phone right now, your spine angle is equivalent to that of an 8-year-old child sitting on your …(4)…, which is fairly significant considering people spend an average of 4.7 hours a day looking at their phone. This, combined with the …(5)…of time spent in front of …(6)…has led to an increase in the prevalence of myopia or nearsightedness in North America.

During the 1970s about 1/4 of the population had "myopia", where today, nearly half is doing; and in some parts of …(7)…, 80-90% of the population is now nearsighted.

Từ mới:

spine: xương sống

prevalence: thịnh hành, xuất hiện nhiều

myopia, nearsightedness: cận thị

 

Phần 2

And it can be hard to put your phone …(8)…- take for example the game Candy Crush. As you play the game, you achieve small …(9)…causing your brain to be rewarded with little bursts of "dopamine" - and eventually, you are rewarded with new …(10)… This novelty also gives little bursts of dopamine and together …(11)…what is known as a "compulsion loop". Which just happens to be the same loop responsible for the …(12)…associated with nicotine or cocaine.

Our brains are hard-wired to make us novelty seeking, and this is why …(13)…on our phones are designed to constantly provide us with new content, making them hard to put down.

As a …(14)…, 93% of young people aged 18-29 report using their …(15)…as a tool to avoid boredom, as opposed to other activities such as reading books or engaging with people around them. This has created the new term "nomophobia" - the …(16)…or anxiety of being without your phone.

Từ mới:

novelty: sự mới lạ

loop: vòng lặp

 

Phần 3

We also see a …(17)…in brain patterns: alpha rhythms are commonly associated with a "wakeful relaxation" like when your …(18)…wanders off, whereas gamma waves are associated with conscious attentiveness. And experiments have shown that when a cellphone is transmitting - say during a phone call - the …(19)…of these alpha waves is significantly boosted, meaning phone transmissions can literally change the way your brain functions.

Your smartphone can also disrupt your …(20)…! The screen emits a blue light which has been shown to alter our circadian rhythms, diminishing the time spent in …(21)…sleep, which is linked to the development of diabetes, …(22)…, and obesity.

Studies have shown that people who read on their smartphone at night have a …(23)…time falling asleep and produce less melatonin - a hormone responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles.

Từ mới:

wanders off: đi lang thang

disrupt: gián đoạn

alter: thay đổi

circadian rhythms: nhịp sinh học

diminishing: giảm

Đáp án phần 1

Of the 7 billion people on Earth, roughly 6 billion own a …(1)…cellphone, which is pretty …(2)…shocking, given that only 4.5 billion have access to a working …(3)…toilet. So how are these popular gadgets changing your body and brain?

If you're looking down at your phone right now, your spine angle is equivalent to that of an 8-year-old child sitting on your …(4)…neck, which is fairly significant considering people spend an average of 4.7 hours a day looking at their phone. This, combined with the …(5)…length of time spent in front of …(6)…computers has led to an increase in the prevalence of myopia or nearsightedness in North America.

During the 1970s about 1/4 of the population had "myopia", where today, nearly half is doing; and in some parts of …(7)…Asia, 80-90% of the population is now nearsighted.

Đáp án phần 2

And it can be hard to put your phone …(8)…down - take for example the game Candy Crush. As you play the game, you achieve small …(9)…goals causing your brain to be rewarded with little bursts of "dopamine" - and eventually, you are rewarded with new …(10)…content. This novelty also gives little bursts of dopamine and together …(11)…create what is known as a "compulsion loop". Which just happens to be the same loop responsible for the …(12)…behaviors associated with nicotine or cocaine.

Our brains are hard-wired to make us novelty seeking, and this is why …(13)…apps on our phones are designed to constantly provide us with new content, making them hard to put down.

As a …(14)…result, 93% of young people aged 18-29 report using their …(15)…smartphones as a tool to avoid boredom, as opposed to other activities such as reading books or engaging with people around them. This has created the new term "nomophobia" - the …(16)…fear or anxiety of being without your phone.

Đáp án phần 3

We also see a …(17)…change in brain patterns: alpha rhythms are commonly associated with a "wakeful relaxation" like when your …(18)…mind wanders off, whereas gamma waves are associated with conscious attentiveness. And experiments have shown that when a cellphone is transmitting - say during a phone call - the …(19)…power of these alpha waves is significantly boosted, meaning phone transmissions can literally change the way your brain functions.

Your smartphone can also disrupt your …(20)…sleep! The screen emits a blue light which has been shown to alter our circadian rhythms, diminishing the time spent in …(21)…deep sleep, which is linked to the development of diabetes, …(22)…cancer, and obesity.

Studies have shown that people who read on their smartphone at night have a …(23)…harder time falling asleep and produce less melatonin - a hormone responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles.

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